Trigonometry, derived from the Greek words 'trigonon' (triangle) and 'metron' (measure), is a branch of mathematics that studies the relationships between the sides and angles of triangles. Rooted in the study of the triangle, trigonometry has expanded to encompass a broader range of mathematical problems and applications, particularly in the realms of physics, engineering, and computer science.
At its core, trigonometry introduces the fundamental functions: sine, cosine, and tangent, which describe ratios between sides of right-angled triangles concerning an acute angle. These functions, along with their counterparts - cosecant, secant, and cotangent, serve as the foundation for more advanced studies, including the analysis of periodic phenomena such as sound waves and light.
Trigonometry is also instrumental in navigating the complexities of the spherical surfaces, leading to its indispensable role in fields like astronomy, geophysics, and satellite communications.